Claims about attachment causing better well-being cannot be made because there are too many variables affecting the growth of each child. A variable that could influence both the independent and dependent variables is the presence of both parents. For example, a child without a father may grow up differently from a child that is raised by two parents, but both children could turn out very similar. I personally grew up without a father, but some of my closest friends did not even know this until I told them explicitly. They assumed I grew up with both of my parents, which implies that the absence of a father while I was maturing did not have a very noticeable effect on my personality.
