I think something that could have an impact on someone's well-being regardless of their secure attachment as an infant is a traumatic event in that relationship between mother and child. For example if the mother were to do something that would make the child lose complete trust for her. The future wellbeing of the child might have been sacrificed because the child now has trust issues when forming or strengthening relationships with people. Not being able to form relationships with friends, family, significant others etc. can be a detriment to his/her wellbeing.
I think that is an interesting point, but I also think that a traumatic event could change the secure attachment to an insecure attachment, and as a result of that insecurity all of those bad things you listed could occur. So that might further validate the idea that attachment causes things later in life, as opposed to the idea that attachment and later life are caused by the same thing.
I agree. I think the quality of one's relationships is often overlooked when considering someone's well-being. Usually, the surroundings are just considered. One's ability to interact or be acted upon by their surroundings is also a prominent factor in determining one's well-being.